燃气发电机组的火花塞，是消耗品，但消耗速度差别很大。同样型号的火花塞，有的项目能用一两年，有的项目三个月就得换，拆下来一看电上积了一层黑碳。换了几批火花塞还是老样子，问题就不在火花塞本身了。

The spark plug of a gas generator set is a consumable, but the consumption rate varies greatly. Some spark plugs of the same model can last for one or two years, while others need to be replaced in three months. When you remove them, you see a layer of black carbon on the electrode. After replacing several batches of spark plugs, they are still the same, and the problem is not with the spark plugs themselves.

积碳的来源，是燃烧不完全。

The source of carbon deposition is incomplete combustion.

火花塞电上积碳，说明混合气在气缸内没有充分燃烧。未燃烧的碳氢化合物在高温下裂解，碳颗粒沉积在电和绝缘体表面。积碳多了，火花塞的点火能量下降，点火失败率上升，机组启动困难、运行抖动，进一步加剧燃烧不完全，形成恶性循环。所以积碳是症状，不是病因。

Carbon deposition on the spark plug electrode indicates that the mixture has not been fully burned in the cylinder. Unburned hydrocarbons decompose at high temperatures, and carbon particles deposit on the surfaces of electrodes and insulators. Excessive carbon deposition leads to a decrease in ignition energy of the spark plug, an increase in ignition failure rate, difficulty in starting the unit, and operational shaking, further exacerbating incomplete combustion and forming a vicious cycle. So carbon buildup is a symptom, not a cause.

空燃比偏浓，是非常常见的病因。

A rich air-fuel ratio is the most common cause.

燃气发电机组的空燃比控制，决定了混合气中燃气和空气的比例。空燃比偏浓时，氧气不足，燃气烧不干净，多余的碳氢化合物就变成积碳。空燃比偏浓的原因有几个：进气混合器调节不当、燃气热值测量不准、氧传感器老化或者控制系统参数漂移。排查时先看排气温度和氧含量，排温偏低、氧含量偏低，基本可以确认是空燃比偏浓。

The air-fuel ratio control of gas generator sets determines the ratio of gas and air in the mixture. When the air-fuel ratio is too rich, there is insufficient oxygen, the gas cannot be burned clean, and excess hydrocarbons become carbon deposits. There are several reasons for the air-fuel ratio being too rich: improper adjustment of the intake mixer, inaccurate measurement of gas calorific value, aging of the oxygen sensor, or drift of control system parameters. When troubleshooting, first check the exhaust temperature and oxygen content. If the exhaust temperature is low and the oxygen content is low, it can be basically confirmed that the air-fuel ratio is too rich.

燃气杂质多，同样导致积碳。

There are many impurities in gas, which also lead to carbon deposition.

燃气中的重烃组分、焦油、粉尘，在燃烧过程中也会形成积碳。沼气中的硅氧烷燃烧后生成二氧化硅，沉积在火花塞和气缸壁上，这种沉积物比碳更难清除。瓦斯气中的粉尘、焦化气中的焦油，都是积碳的来源。进机前的净化不到位，火花塞和发动机都要遭殃。硫化氢含量也要控制，它本身不直接导致积碳，但会腐蚀电，缩短火花塞寿命。

Heavy hydrocarbon components, tar, and dust in gas can also form carbon deposits during combustion. After the combustion of siloxanes in biogas, silicon dioxide is generated and deposited on spark plugs and cylinder walls, which is more difficult to remove than carbon. Dust in gas and tar in coking gas are both sources of carbon deposition. If the purification before entering the engine is not in place, both the spark plug and the engine will suffer. The content of hydrogen sulfide should also be controlled. It does not directly cause carbon deposition, but it can corrode the electrode and shorten the life of the spark plug.

点火提前角不对，也会加剧积碳。

Incorrect ignition advance angle can also exacerbate carbon deposition.

点火提前角是燃气发电机组的关键参数。提前角太大，混合气在压缩行程中就被点燃，燃烧压力升高过快，容易爆震；提前角太小，燃烧在膨胀行程中才完成，热量利用率低，排气温度高，未燃烧的燃料增多，积碳也跟着增加。不同燃气成分对应的非常佳点火提前角不同，机组运行中需要根据燃气变化调整。

The ignition advance angle is a key parameter of gas generator sets. If the advance angle is too large, the mixture will be ignited during the compression stroke, and the combustion pressure will rise too quickly, which is prone to detonation; The advance angle is too small, and combustion is only completed during the expansion stroke, resulting in low heat utilization and high exhaust temperature. This leads to an increase in unburned fuel and carbon deposits. The optimal ignition advance angle corresponding to different gas compositions varies, and it needs to be adjusted according to changes in gas during unit operation.

机油窜入燃烧室，是另一个积碳来源。

Oil entering the combustion chamber is another source of carbon buildup.

活塞环磨损或者气门油封老化，机油会窜入燃烧室参与燃烧。机油的成分比燃气复杂，燃烧后更容易形成积碳，而且积碳质地更硬，清理困难。判断方法：拆下火花塞看电，如果积碳是油性的、发亮，而且机油消耗量明显增加，就要检查活塞环和气门油封。

Wear of piston rings or aging of valve oil seals can cause engine oil to enter the combustion chamber and participate in combustion. The composition of engine oil is more complex than that of gas, and it is easier to form carbon deposits after combustion. Moreover, the carbon deposits are harder and difficult to clean. Judgment method: Remove the spark plug and check the electrode. If the carbon deposits are oily, shiny, and the oil consumption has significantly increased, then check the piston rings and valve seals.

解决积碳的思路，是找到燃烧不完全的原因，而不是频繁换火花塞。

The solution to carbon buildup is to identify the cause of incomplete combustion, rather than frequently replacing spark plugs.

空燃比调准，燃气净化到位，点火提前角匹配燃气成分，机油消耗控制在正常范围。这几项做到了，火花塞的寿命自然延长。换火花塞只是治标，燃烧状态正常了，火花塞才能用得久。

The air-fuel ratio is adjusted accurately, the gas purification is in place, the ignition advance angle matches the gas composition, and the oil consumption is controlled within the normal range. If these measures are achieved, the lifespan of the spark plug will naturally be extended. Replacing spark plugs is only a temporary solution. Only when the combustion state is normal can spark plugs be used for a long time.

发电机组配件的更换周期，反映的是机组的运行状态。火花塞积碳快，查空燃比、查燃气品质、查点火参数、查机油消耗。找到根因，配件才不用频繁换。

The replacement cycle of generator set accessories reflects the operating status of the unit. Spark plugs accumulate carbon quickly. Check the air-fuel ratio, gas quality, ignition parameters, and oil consumption. Find the root cause so that accessories don't need to be replaced frequently.